Page 84 - New Grammar with a Smile 7

2. Past participles: The past participle is the ed, d, en, t, n form of the verb.
For example,

y I received a handwritten note yesterday.
y The puppy was playing with the fallen leaves.
Uses

We use the present participle

1. to form continuous tenses. For example,

y He is reading a book.
y He has been talking on the phone for two hours.
2. as adjectives. For example,

y Do not wake up the sleeping baby. Note
y It was an amazing film. Apart from the two participles, there is
also the perfect participle. It is formed
3. after verbs of movement. For example, by putting the present participle having

y She went shopping. in front of the past participle. For
y The children came running. example, Having done, Having finished,
Having read, Having spoken.
4. to modify verbs. For example, The perfect participle is used to show

y Having finished the homework, the that one action is completed before the
boy went to play. next action begins. For example,
• Having read the book, he left
5. to explain a reason. For example, the library.

y Being poor, he did not spend much on
clothes.

y Thinking that everyone was asleep, she tiptoed into the room.

We use the past participle

1. to form perfect tenses. For example,
y They have broken the window pane.
y The mechanic has fixed the car.

2. in sentences in the passive voice. For example,

y The house was built by my grandfather.
y This car was bought by my father.
3. as adjectives. For example,
y The firemen saved the cat and her kittens from the burnt cottage.
y Can you fix this broken vase?

4. in phrases. For example,
y Battered by the wind, the large oak tree finally crashed to the ground.

y Having won the match, Pragati jumped for joy.

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