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Past perfect

• for actions that finished before another past action
• for actions that happened before a specific time in the past

Affirmative Negative sentences Interrogative sentences
sentences

With question word

I had sung. I had not/hadn’t sung. Had I sung? What had I sung?

You had sung. You had not/hadn’t sung. Had you sung? What had you sung?

He had sung. He had not/hadn’t sung. Had he sung? What had he sung?

She had sung. She had not/hadn’t sung. Had she sung? What had she sung?

It had sung. It had not/hadn’t sung. Had it sung? What had it sung?

We had sung. We had not/hadn’t sung. Had we sung? What had we sung?
They had not/hadn’t
They had sung. Had they sung? What had they sung?
sung.

K. Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the words given in
the brackets.

1. The children (not, do) their homework, so they were in trouble.

2. They (not, eat) all day so we went to a restaurant.

3. I (not, have) breakfast when he arrived.

4. He (not, use) email before, so I taught him how to use it.

5. You (not, study) for the test, so you were very nervous.

6. When I arrived at the cinema, the film (start).

7. She (live) in China for a year before she went to live
in Thailand.
8. After they (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

9. If you (listen) to me, you would have got the job.

10. Julie didn’t arrive until after I (leave).

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