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3. to talk about an action that was completed in the very recent past. We use just,
already, recently, yet for such instances. For example,
• I have just cleaned my room.
• The minister has recently announced a new plan for the railways.

4. to talk about one’s life experiences—actions
or events that happened sometime during a Note
person’s life, where time is not important. With the third person singular
For example, subject, we use has. For the
• I have read the Wuthering Heights. other forms, we use have.
• She has been to London.

Structure

♦ Affirmative sentences
For affirmative sentences in the present perfect tense, we use the past participle form
of the verb.

subject auxiliary verb past participle rest of the sentence

• He has closed the door.
• They have gone home.
• She has been to Sri Lanka.

♦ Negative sentences

For negative sentences, we have the following structure.

subject auxiliary verb not past participle rest of the sentence

subject has/have not past participle rest of the sentence

• I have not met Supreet today.
• The man has not written any novels.
• She has not broken her arm.

♦ Interrogative sentences
For interrogative sentences, we have the following structure.

auxiliary verb subject past participle rest of the sentence

has/have subject past participle rest of the sentence

• Have you finished the work?
• Has she missed the bus?
• Have you hurt yourself?

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