Page 103 - New Grammar with a Smile 8

• Wherever we looked, there was confusion. (adverb clause)
• I know where he has gone. (noun clause)
• This is the place where I lost my purse.

♦ Reason: because, since, as
The main clause indicates an action or state whose reason is supplied by
the adverb clause. For example,

• Renu didn’t sit for the test since she was out of town.
• Varun wore several layers of clothing as it was really cold outside.

♦ Manner: as, as if, as though

The main clause indicates an action whose manner of performance is explained
in the adverb clause. For example,
• He acts as if he can’t speak at all.

• He acts as though he has no conscience. (suggesting unreality or improbability)

♦ Purpose: so that, in order that

The main clause indicates an action or state whose purpose is indicated in the
adverb clause. For example,
• Sushant is working hard so that he may get admission in the best college.
• In order that we reach Nainital by evening, we are leaving early morning.

♦ Concession/Contrast: though, although, even if, whatever, while, whereas
The main clause indicates an unexpected result, which is often contrary to
what is indicated in the adverb clause. Adverb clauses beginning with while or
whereas indicate a situation that is opposite to the content in the main clause.
Note that though, even though and although indicate a situation which is
contrary to the main clause. For example,

• Although I left my home early, I was late for class.
• Whatever I eat, I feel sick.
• Even if we delay our departure, we will still reach on time.

• While Kriti studies hard, she does not revise enough to do well in exams.
(while = though/although; adverb clause)

♦ Condition: if, if…then, provided that

The adverb clause expresses a condition for what is stated in the main clause to
hold. For example,
• If you are hungry, then have some biscuits.
• If you take the car, I’ll take the bike.

103