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Each sentence has two clauses. The highlighted parts can stand alone and convey meaning.

These clauses make complete sense even if they are taken separately from the sentence.
Clauses that stand on their own and convey complete sense are called independent clauses.

Independent clauses are also called main clauses. They have a main subject and a main verb.

The underlined parts begin with conjunctions so they cannot stand on their own. They do
not make sense on their own and do not convey complete meaning. They depend on the main
clauses to give complete meaning. Since they play a subordinate role to the main clauses in a
sentence, they are called subordinate clauses.

Now, form complete sentences by joining the independent and subordinate clauses.
You can use each clause more than once.

Subordinate clause Independent clause

1. Because Lavanya was ill, a. you can play football.

2. Although she was late, b. I will buy a gift for Mother.

3. After completing your homework, c. stand up.

4. Whenever I feel afraid, d. take them out of the oven.

5. When I have enough money, e. I crawl into Papa’s bed.

6. If I finish work early, f. she did not take a cab.

7. Whoever broke the glass, g. she didn’t go to school.

8. When the cookies are done, h. I will go shopping.

Time to learn new words

Look at this comparison.

• herb : stem :: tree : trunk
This comparison is between two different things and it is done by breaking them into parts to see

how they are related. Such a comparison is called analogy.

A word analogy is read thus: herb is to stem as tree is to trunk.
Analogies can show many different types of word relationships.

• Synonym Relationships: friendly is to kind as mean is to cruel

• Antonym Relationships: dog is to tame as tiger is to wild

• Part to Whole: waves is to sea as plants is to garden

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